Water scarcity hotspots travel downstream due to human interventions in the 20th and 21st century
نویسندگان
چکیده
Water scarcity is rapidly increasing in many regions. In a novel, multi-model assessment, we examine how human interventions (HI: land use and land cover change, man-made reservoirs and human water use) affected monthly river water availability and water scarcity over the period 1971-2010. Here we show that HI drastically change the critical dimensions of water scarcity, aggravating water scarcity for 8.8% (7.4-16.5%) of the global population but alleviating it for another 8.3% (6.4-15.8%). Positive impacts of HI mostly occur upstream, whereas HI aggravate water scarcity downstream; HI cause water scarcity to travel downstream. Attribution of water scarcity changes to HI components is complex and varies among the hydrological models. Seasonal variation in impacts and dominant HI components is also substantial. A thorough consideration of the spatially and temporally varying interactions among HI components and of uncertainties is therefore crucial for the success of water scarcity adaptation by HI.
منابع مشابه
A Security Effective Structure for National Defense in the 21st Century
In accordance with human necessities and deep attention into security, research studies have today became an irrefutable necessity in this area. It is noted that traditional concepts of this important issue have changed, as a result of occurring various events in the past, particularly in the 20th century; so that security is no more limited to protecting human beings against individual and col...
متن کاملThe world’s road to water scarcity: shortage and stress in the 20th century and pathways towards sustainability
Water scarcity is a rapidly growing concern around the globe, but little is known about how it has developed over time. This study provides a first assessment of continuous sub-national trajectories of blue water consumption, renewable freshwater availability, and water scarcity for the entire 20th century. Water scarcity is analysed using the fundamental concepts of shortage (impacts due to lo...
متن کامل16th century Persian tiles in dialogue with 21st century digital tiles in the Sadrian universe
This article brings together tiles of 16th century Persian architecture and 21st century digital tiles of moving image to explore new potentials beyond the perceived image. As minimal parts of a bigger image, they both appear still and motionless. However, Persian Islamic philosopher, Mulla Sadrā Shirazi’s (1571-1640) theory of ‘substantial motion’ (al-harakat a...
متن کاملObserved multivariable signals of late 20th and early 21st century volcanic activity
The relatively muted warming of the surface and lower troposphere since 1998 has attracted considerable attention. One contributory factor to this “warming hiatus” is an increase in volcanically induced cooling over the early 21st century. Here we identify the signals of late 20th and early 21st century volcanic activity in multiple observed climate variables. Volcanic signals are statistically...
متن کاملAssessment of Farmers' Attitudes towards Water Scarcity Challenge and Its Adaptation Strategies in Villages of Bahar County (Hamadan Province, Iran)
Water Resource plays a pivotal role in sustainable development of every area, especially in rural areas. The challenge of dehydration is one of the greatest challenges in 21st century because it can be the source of many of the world's social and ecological changes. The agricultural sector as the most important economic sector in the rural areas is directly affected by the shortage of water res...
متن کامل